virtualbox.org

dmesg output:
[ 3025.267918] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0f7d020 VMMR0.r0
[ 3025.645556] vboxdrv: ffffffffc1078020 VBoxDDR0.r0
[ 3025.663756] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0008020 VBoxDD2R0.r0
[ 3026.523479] vboxdrv: ffffffffc004d020 VBoxEhciR0.r0
[ 3128.658888] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0f7d020 VMMR0.r0
[ 3128.798480] vboxdrv: ffffffffc1078020 VBoxDDR0.r0
[ 3128.800276] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0008020 VBoxDD2R0.r0
[ 3129.262517] vboxdrv: ffffffffc004d020 VBoxEhciR0.r0

Version 5.0.18_Ubuntu r106667
Host Ubuntu 16.04, linux 4.6.2, amd64, 4096 MB of RAM
Guest Windows 2012 (Windows 7 have this too, but this is for 2012), amd64, 2048 MB of RAM
Guest Additions is no matter, bug happens in both cases

For VirtualBox 5.0.22 r108108
[ 584.770691] perf: interrupt took too long (2501 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 79800
[ 598.359633] vboxdrv: Found 4 processor cores
[ 598.362001] vboxdrv: fAsync=0 offMin=0x22b offMax=0x1671
[ 598.462177] vboxdrv: TSC mode is Synchronous, tentative frequency 2504248745 Hz
[ 598.462180] vboxdrv: Successfully loaded version 5.0.22 (interface 0x00240000)
[ 598.666564] VBoxNetFlt: Successfully started.
[ 598.669608] VBoxNetAdp: Successfully started.
[ 598.672381] VBoxPciLinuxInit
[ 598.674064] vboxpci: IOMMU not found (not registered)
[ 626.541943] vboxdrv: ffffffffc101f020 VMMR0.r0
[ 626.729507] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0d2e020 VBoxDDR0.r0
[ 626.731202] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0008020 VBoxDD2R0.r0
[ 626.888496] vboxdrv: ffffffffc004d020 VBoxEhciR0.r0

I see you had the Ubuntu version installed before you installed the official version from VirtualBox.org. Did you purge the Ubuntu version first? That step is very important.
Next the guest does not seem to be a valid copy of Windows, ( torrent ) and we don't support using pirate software.
Your real error is "Guru Meditation -79 (VERR_INVALID_STATE)". Was the guest completely shut down when you did the update?

Which update? Windows 7 got error during installation of net framework 4.5, windows 2012 got this right after i boot from installation disk. Well, i've just selected language, clicked next, and that's it!

You asked what happened after you updated VirtualBox. I responded of what I saw that concerns VirtualBox not any guest. Read my post again and respond to the actual questions please.

I thought that apt remove was enough. No, I didn't added key --purge. Now i try with it.

Purged. Error still happens.
[31238.452857] vboxdrv: Found 4 processor cores
[31238.453132] vboxdrv: fAsync=0 offMin=0x3f5 offMax=0x1ba0
[31238.553311] vboxdrv: TSC mode is Synchronous, tentative frequency 2504248746 Hz
[31238.553315] vboxdrv: Successfully loaded version 5.0.22 (interface 0x00240000)
[31238.804356] VBoxNetFlt: Successfully started.
[31238.806868] VBoxNetAdp: Successfully started.
[31238.809047] VBoxPciLinuxInit
[31238.810369] vboxpci: IOMMU not found (not registered)
[31307.522297] vboxdrv: ffffffffc10c5020 VMMR0.r0
[31402.169990] vboxdrv: ffffffffc10c5020 VMMR0.r0
[31402.492113] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0f08020 VBoxDDR0.r0
[31402.505569] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0008020 VBoxDD2R0.r0
[31403.856158] vboxdrv: ffffffffc004d020 VBoxEhciR0.r0
[31465.321005] vboxdrv: ffffffffc11c0020 VMMR0.r0
[31465.709997] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0f28020 VBoxDDR0.r0
[31465.739396] vboxdrv: ffffffffc011f020 VBoxDD2R0.r0
[31466.354010] vboxdrv: ffffffffc0146020 VBoxEhciR0.r0