virtualbox.org

Lassen sich zerhackte Bilder einer webcam in einer Box verhindern?

Vermutlich.

Webcams don't always work well in a VM, based on reading of the forum. I don't have a separate webcam on a host PC I can use for a test.

Virtualbox has the webcam passthrough feature for built-in webcams, and a separate USB-attached webcam that can be unplugged might be usable through the Virtualbox USB Filters feature. See USB basics and troubleshooting.

Further tweaks within the VM's OS and software might be needed, or it just won't work.