You have Hyper-v enabled on the host, which will not be helping.
00:00:02.515066 HM: HMR3Init: Attempting fall back to NEM: AMD-V is not available
00:00:02.554183 NEM: info: Found optional import WinHvPlatform.dll!WHvQueryGpaRangeDirtyBitmap.
00:00:02.554199 NEM: info: Found optional import vid.dll!VidGetHvPartitionId.
00:00:02.554202 NEM: info: Found optional import vid.dll!VidGetPartitionProperty.
00:00:02.554303 NEM: WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is TRUE, so this might work...
For how to disable Hyper-v
for real, see
HMR3Init: Attempting fall back to NEM (Hyper-V is active).
Where did the VDI come from? It was not created as part of this VM (if it was then it would be named "Kali VM.vdi" and would not be located in your host's
Downloads folder), so I'm guessing you did not install the Kali OS yourself? Note that if the OS was not installed as a VirtualBox VM then it isn't unusual if it won't run as a VirtualBox VM.