Windows cannot initialize the device driver for this hardware. (Code 37) {Operation Failed} The requested operation was

[fth0]

How do you know im connecting to a Hyper-V VM? They gave me access to the windows 10 azure instance. Is that "windows azure instance" a Hyper-V VM?

Microsoft Azure typically provides Hyper-V VMs in the cloud (I'm not sure if they do also provide VMs using other hypervisors, but certainly not VirtualBox VMs). A good indication is the display adapter named "Microsoft Hyper-V Video".

Suppose i install VB inside the Windows 10 instance and inside that an SO such as windows 10, will i be able to install Guest Additions?

You'd probably already fail when trying to start the VirtualBox VM, because Hyper-V will only allow nested virtualization with Hyper-V inside.