First, I tried to use the script from the pinned post I can not link to because I just registered to create a bootable ISO image:
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$ sudo ./InstallerApp2ISO.sh -i /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Monterey.app -o .
================================================================================
Apple OSX Installer Application to ISO creation tool
================================================================================
Version: 2019-11-27
Copyright (C) 2017-2019, socratis @ VirtualBox forums,
with help from granada29 @ VirtualBox forums.
All rights reserved.
*** ERROR: The provided application is NOT a valid OSX InstallerApp:
-> /Applications/Install macOS Monterey.app
-> /Applications/Install macOS Monterey.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg file not found!
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$ hdiutil create -o ./MontereyInstall -size 16384m -volname MontereyInstall -layout SPUD -fs HFS+J
$ hdiutil attach ./MontereyInstall.dmg -noverify -mountpoint /Volumes/MontereyInstall
$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Monterey.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/MontereyInstall/
Ready to start.
To continue we need to erase the volume at /Volumes/MontereyInstall.
If you wish to continue type (Y) then press return: y
Erasing disk: 0%... 10%...
Error erasing disk error number (22, 0)
An error occurred erasing the disk.
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$ hdiutil detach /Volumes/Install\ macOS\ Monterey/
$ hdiutil convert MontereyInstall.dmg -format UDTO -o MontereyInstall.cdr
$ mv MontereyInstall.cdr MontereyInstall.iso
I believe there should be one or multiple lines with (CDROM) in it - at least there is in all the documentation I found online. I'm not seeing anything like it, just the liens above. Consequently, I can not select any file to boot using the boot manager UI. Changing the chipset from ICH9 to PIIX3 does not accomplish anything, neither does changing the SATA adapter type from AHCI to PIIX4, PIIX3 or ICH6.
So the next thing I tried was write the installer to an actual USB flash drive (using the same process as above) and adding the Generic Mass Storage device to the USB list of the virtual machine. Booting the machine gives me this:
So at least the device is there. Next I tried exit, Boot Maintenance Manager, Boot from File, HFS+ Volume, System > Library > Core Services > boot.efi
(continued because of the attachment limit...)